Experimental
particle and nuclear physics
Predavanja:
30 ur
Vaje:
15 ur
Seminar:
0 ur
Interaction
of charged particles and photons with matter: interaction of heavy charged
particles, Bethe–Bloch formula, range, energy loss. Interaction of electrons
with matter, electron stopping, bremsstrahlung. Multiple scattering.
Interaction of high-energy photons with matter: photoelectric effect, Compton
scattering, pair production. Development of electromagnetic showers.
Ionization
detectors in particle physics: multiwire proportional chambers (signal readout
methods, efficiency, choice of gas mixture, operation at high counting rates,
aging). Drift chambers, time projection chamber (TPC). Detection of UV light,
X-rays and gamma rays. Liquid ionization detectors.
Use
of semiconductor detectors in particle physics, nuclear physics and
astrophysics: position-sensitive silicon detectors (design and application).
Pixel detectors, CCD sensors. Detection of X-rays and gamma rays. Radiation
damage.
Scintillation
detectors: brief review of basic characteristics (organic scintillators –
crystals, liquids, plastics; inorganic crystals; gases and glasses). Efficiency
for different types of radiation. Linearity.
Light
detectors: photomultiplier tubes, photoelectron transport, secondary electrons.
Microchannel plates, signal development, operation in strong magnetic fields.
Semiconductor light detectors (photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes, silicon
photomultipliers).
Detection
of neutral particles: detection of neutrinos, neutrons, low-energy gamma rays.
Fano factor.
Electronic
signal processing: signal formation in different types of detectors. Conversion
to voltage signal. Noise. Charge-sensitive preamplifier. Pulse shaping. Signal
representation using elementary functions, signal dimensions. Signal
categorization.
Particle
identification in experimental nuclear and particle physics: time-of-flight
measurement. dE/dx measurement at low energies. Multiple measurements of
specific ionization. Cherenkov counters: threshold detector, Ring Imaging Cherenkov
(RICH) detector. Transition radiation. Detection of neutrons and neutrinos.
Energy
measurement: electromagnetic calorimeters, hadronic calorimeters, calibration
and monitoring of calorimeters.
Basic
literature
1.
W.R. Leo, Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments, Springer
Verlag, Berlin 1994.
2.
Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging, edited by Claus Grupen,
Irène Buvat,
Springer Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg 2012
3.
G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, J. Wiley, New York 1979.
4.
F. Sauli (editor), Instrumentation in High Energy Physics, World Scientic 1992.
5.
K. Kleinknecht, Detectors for Particle Radiation, Cambridge University Press
1987.
6.
P. Horowitz, W. Hill, The Art of Electronics, Cambridge University Press 1996.
Conditions
Attending
lectures and problem classes, written exam, oral exam.