School year 2025/2026
| Week | Topic |
Lecture notes, examples, supplementary material |
| 1 | introduction, examples of ionizing radiation detectors; passage of (heavy) charged
particles through matter, Bohr's formula for ionization losses, range of heavy particles in matter, Bragg curve |
introduction notes literature: Leo, 2.2, 2.2.1 |
| 2 | transverse components of the electric field of a fast charged particle in matter;
passage of photons through matter, photoelectric effect, Compton scattering; pair production |
examples... notes literature: Leo |
| 3 | gas detector in cylindrical geometry, introduction, field shape; operating modes
(ionization cell, proportional counter, Geiger-Müller tube), multiplication in a proportional counter, place of secondary pairs; Geiger Miller tube |
examples... notes literature: Leo |
| 4 |
mechanisms of ionization and recombination in gas; number of created ion pairs,
Poisson distribution, energy resolution, Fano factor; transport of electrons and ions in gas, mobility, avalanche shape. |
examples... notes literature: Leo |
| 5 |
201
movement of charges in a field in a cylindrical proportional counter, change in voltage due to this; time evolution of
voltage due to movement of electrons and ions; differentiator, analog and operational amplifier; |
examples... notes literature: Leo |
| 6 |
position sensitive detector, determination of momentum; MWPC,
resolution, sagging of wires due to weight; travel chamber, limitation of
resolution due to diffusion; semiconductor detectors, introduction |
examples... notes literature: Leo |
| 7 |
diodes, depleted layer, dark current, average energy for e-gap pair formation; time dependence of
the signal in a semiconductor detector |
examples... notes literature: Leo |
| 8 |
234
types of semiconductor detectors, diffused diodes, surface (Schottky) barrier detectors, ohmic contact;
compensated semiconductor, p-i-n detectors (SiLi, GeLi); position-sensitive semiconductor detectors,
microstrip detectors; CCD. |
examples... notes literature: Leo |
| 9 |
169
scintillators, introduction, general properties; organic scintillators, scintillation mechanism, types;
inorganic scintillators, scintillation mechanism, types; neutron detection |
examples... notes literature: Leo |
| 10 |
particle identification, introduction; multiple measurements of specific ionization,
Landau distribution, limited average; time-of-flight meters, mass resolution as a function of time resolution; radiation
Cerenkov, introduction |
examples... notes literature: Leo |
| 11 |
Cherenkov threshold counters; Cherenkov ring detectors; transient radiation, detectors;
overview of identification methods. |
examples... notes literature: Leo |